Domestic Violence in Victorian England :: Victorian Era

Domestic Violence in prim EnglandWife get the better of was a prominent occurrence in blue(a) measure. It is socially acceptable and may be seen as a characteristic of the dismantle classes, but wife beating is prevalent in all classes. In William Montagus social investigation Round London Down East and Up West, he tells of wo hands in the infirmary Sometimes as many as twelve or fourteen women may be seen seated in the receiving-room, waiting for their bruised and bleeding faces and bodies to be go to to In nine cases out of ten the injuries have been inflicted by brutal and perhaps drunken husbands (Montagu). Many incidents of domestic violence in Victorian times are influenced by alcohol. But wife beating is present in all classes, not just the lower classes as Montagu portrays. Caroline Norton, a Victorian author in mid nineteenth century England, commonly writes of her husbands continuous wife-beating. Her husband being a member of parliament is obviously not lower class. Yet she writes of his physical violence towards her and how the servants restrain him from inflicting serious damage (Norton 1). Sir Pitt similarly beats his wife also even though he is considered upper class.The word Spousal Abuse discusses that Victorian perception of trust, domestic principles, and laws allows men to justify wife-beating. Domestic violence during Victorian times is mainly attributed to the idea that the man is the formula in all worlds. The mans responsibility of being a protector is the main idea in contributing to domestic violence.In the orbital cavity of religion the emphasis of religious based subordination suggested that, for a woman to be virtuous and serve God, she must follow the lead of her husband this gave men the impression that they had a God given right to control their wives, even if this mean through the use of physical correction (Nolte 1). Due to the fact that religion is claimed to be an important Victorian ideal, men believe that for w omen to lead a virtuous life, she must follow the wishes of her husband. Even if these wishes allow her to be beat.Domestic principles of Victorian England also promoted the dominance of men. The husband was the supreme being in the house and it was a husbands duty to protect his wife this authority also allowed for him to use violence, if necessary, in order to keep her in line (Nolte 3). Caroline Norton gave evidence of this when she disagreed with her husband upon the actions of another lady.

Bad Decisions and Love Change Endings Seen Through Fate and Fairies :: Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

How can a person express a theme or thinking in one of his/ her works? Shakespeare often uses literary elements to help him express a theme. Sometimes, he uses some other elements to help him express a theme. Shakespeare teaches how love and icky decisions can cause a person to have different endings to his/her story by using the image of fate in Romeo and Juliet and by using the role of the fairies in A Midsummer Nights Dream. Shakespeare uses the role of fate in Romeo and Juliet to show how love and bad decisions can change the ending of a story. First, fate brings these two star-crossed lovers together (R&J Prologue.6). The lovers are star-crossed because they are from two families (the Montagues and Capulets) that have had an ancient grudge (R&J Prologue.4). These two families hate each other so much their servants started a fight in the first scene just because they were from the other family. The fact that the lovers are star-crossed, yet they still love each other is a bad decision because it leads to their doom. Second, in the third act Romeo slew Tybalt because of fate (R&J 3.1.178). Tybalt hates Romeo for crashing the party where Romeo met Juliet and he also hates Romeo because he is a Montague. Paris hates Romeo even when Romeo did not get a choice in what family he was born into, it was fate. Then, Tybalt challenges Romeo to a duel but Tybalt ends up killing Mercutio. In anger from Mercutios death, Romeo kills Tybalt which gets him banished to Mantua. Even though he was angry over his friends death, this action was a bad decision by Romeo because the ban caused problems for the lovers. Then, they have to find a way to still be together. To even more complicate the plot, Mr. Capulet promised Paris that will Juliet shall be married to him (R&J 3.4.21). This placement happens because Juliet was sad about Tybalts death and Romeos banishment. The marriage forces the Juliet to fake her death, which is the reason for Romeos suicide. Romeo committed s uicide because he did not her death was fake. This is a bad decision because Juliet and Friar Lawrence should have found a way to tell Romeo before she fakes her death. Fourth, Romeo is dead and Juliet is dead too (R&J 5.1.196). The lovers died because they are star-crossed.

Technicolor Styles Essay -- Music Analysis

From humble, shy beginnings, the singer-songwriter Adam Young, now most famed for his project known as Owl City, has risen to become a well-renowned techno-pop artist. Youngs career as a musician and lyricist began in his home in Owatonna, Minnesota, where he worked on composing lyrics and sounds in his parents basement as a side hobby after a day of work at the Coca-Cola warehouse (Bonham). He initially posted his products of creativity and intensity on Myspace in 2007, sharing the industrial plant that came to be part of his self-released Owl City EP known as Of June (Universal melody issue Group). His full-length debut as Owl City came in 2008, when Young digitally released his album, Maybe Im Dreaming (Universal Music publishing Group). Youngs popularity spread much further with the release of Owl Citys first official album, sea Eyes, in 2009 (Universal Music Publishing Group), and the albums single, Fireflies, reached the Billboards number one spot twice during its initial release (Sisario). In an interview with Chad Bonham from Whole Notes, Young revealed the inspiration he receives from his self-proclaimed anti-social lifestyle and his Christian faith in his songwriting (Bonham).Youngs music has reached thousands of fans, both in the United States and in other parts of the realness as well (Sisario). From mellow melodies to catchy rhythms, Youngs sound has captured the fervor of fans all over the nation. Yet, as popular as his sound is, the row of Adam Youngs songs are of equal merit and creativity. The words and messages of these songs alone convey the variety with which Young composes. Such songs as the romantic works On the Wing and If My Heart Was a House, the inspiring works This Is the Future and G... ...d. Web. 16 May 2012. Sisario, Ben. From Moms Basement to the Top of the Chart. New York clock on the Web. 20 Nov. 2009. 16 May 2012. Young, Adam. Dental Care. Ocean Eyes. Universal commonwealth Records. 2009.Young, Adam. Galaxies. All Th ings Bright and Beautiful. Universal Republic Records. 2011.Young, Adam. If My Heart Was a House. Ocean Eyes Deluxe Edition. Universal Republic Records. 2009.Young, Adam. On the Wing. Maybe Im Dreaming. Universal Republic Records. 2008.Young, Adam. Plant Life. All Things Bright and Beautiful. Universal Republic Records. 2011.Young, Adam. This Is the Future. Maybe Im Dreaming. Universal Republic Records. 2008.

From Teleworking to E-Work :: essays research papers

From Teleworking to E-WorkThe spare-time activity was an invited contribution to The West Berkshire Labour Conference, which was held in July 2000 by Thames valley Enterprise (the predecessor of the Business Link business development agency).Over the last few years improvements in portable reckoners and mobile communications (boosted by services from locally based Vodafone) has seen a growth in the use of virtual working and e-working (electronic working). Much of this has happened in an ad-hoc way as managers and professionals simply line up to working in a location independent manner - in hotels, airport lounges, at home and on the move. This e-conference is an example of virtual working, where previously thither would have been a real conference. In other words, business activities that once would have been specially earmarked as telework are now becoming part and big bucks of everyday work - but not fast enough.The Aspiration GapVarious surveys show that about 5 per cent of UK workers are classified as teleworkers i.e. they spend significant time working away from offices using telecommunications. Yet the most remarkable finding is that some two thirds of employees would like to telework if their bosses would let them. The challenge, as always, is one of management. Managers must learn to manage at a distance. They must plan and develop work methods that allow - even encourage - employees to work in the most effective settings, which may be at home or in a shared satellite office away from areas of high rents and dig shortages, like West Berkshire. They must learn how to gauge employees performance by outputs not by inputs (i.e. time spent sitting in the office). None of this is new. thither is now over a decades worth of proven cases where organizations, such as Siemens, Sedgwick, Oxfordshire County Council, have gained significant benefits from telework, and many practical guidelines (see Resources at end).Formal Telework ProgrammesCompanies that h ave in full achieved significant benefits have done so through a formal telework programme. While ad-hoc or informal teleworking will have some benefits (mostly for the employee), and a systematic approach will gain the organization-wide benefits that are achievable. Simply because someone can use a mobile telephone and portable computer does not mean a) that they are effective as they could be and b) that the organizations work system as whole is optimized. A typical formal programme has the following elementsA focused programme team with representatives from different parts of the business and specialists in the disciplines needed - technology, change management, work design etc.

Free Huckleberry Finn Essays: Ignorance :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Adventures of huckleberry Finn Ignorance   While there are many themes expressed in the novel, The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn one makes a stronger presence by its continued, if not redundant appearance of itself. Far too often in society peoples lack of knowledge on a given subject causes their opinions and actions to rely strictly on stereotypes created by the masses. This affliction is commonly known as ignorance. This is curable but people have to become open-minded and leave their reliance on societys viewpoints behind them. In the novel, The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn by Mark Twain, the ignorance of society becomes extremely evident at many parts of the book. Society forms ideals for all walks of life and then lets them become like careen in their minds. Thus, once a person has been put into a group they will remain there forever. The ignorance of society is clearly seen when one looks at Huck Finn, Jim the Slave, Pap, and the senseless violen ce of the Grangerfords and the Shepardsons. Many people see Huckleberry Finn as a mischievous boy who is a bad influence to others. Society refuses to accept Huck as he is and isnt going to change its opinions about him until he is reformed and civilized. The Widow Douglas and Miss Watson try to sivilize Huck by making him pulley-block all of his habits such as smoking, etc. They try to reverse all of his teaching from the first twelve years of his life and force him to become their unimaginative good boy. The rest of the town also refused to view him as good and he was considered undesirable. The only time that the towns people are able to put outdoor(a) their views of Huck was when there was excitement to be found, like when they all crowded on the steamboat to see if the cannons can bring Hucks body to the surface. Everyone got interested in him and assay to show that they cared about him, but this is only after he is presumed dead. They take on these views to follow society in its ignorance. Few of them would have cared about Huck before because they didnt know him and didnt want to know him, but since taking interest in mysteries was the popular thing to do, society did it. Although Huck is viewed in an ignorant light, he was also in accordance with this novel and very ignorant himself.

Free Huckleberry Finn Essays: Ignorance :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ignorance   While there are many themes expressed in the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn maven makes a stronger presence by its continued, if not redundant display of itself. Far too often in society peoples lack of knowledge on a given subject causes their opinions and actions to rely strictly on stereotypes created by the masses. This affliction is comm hardly known as ignorance. This is curable but people have to break down open-minded and leave their reliance on societys viewpoints behind them. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, the ignorance of society becomes extremely evident at many parts of the book. alliance forms ideals for all walks of life and then lets them become like stone in their minds. Thus, once a person has been put into a group they will proceed there forever. The ignorance of society is clearly filln when one looks at Huck Finn, Jim the Slave, Pap, and the senseless violenc e of the Grangerfords and the Shepardsons. Many people see Huckleberry Finn as a mischievous son who is a bad influence to others. Society refuses to accept Huck as he is and isnt going to change its opinions about him until he is reformed and civilized. The leave Douglas and Miss Watson try to sivilize Huck by making him stop all of his habits such as smoking, etc. They try to reverse all of his teaching from the scratch line twelve years of his life and force him to become their stereotypical good boy. The rest of the town also refused to view him as good and he was considered undesirable. The only time that the towns people are able to put away their views of Huck was when there was excitement to be found, like when they all crowded on the steamboat to see if the cannons can bring Hucks body to the surface. Everyone got interested in him and tried to show that they cared about him, but this is only after he is presumed dead. They take on these views to discover society in its ignorance. Few of them would have cared about Huck before because they didnt know him and didnt want to know him, but since taking interest in mysteries was the best-selling(predicate) thing to do, society did it. Although Huck is viewed in an ignorant light, he was also in accordance with this novel and very ignorant himself.

Blood Station

My eyes slid open, I saw that I was completely frozen(p) head to toe. I wasnt the provided one here though, there were hundreds, thousands, even millions The only thing I could do was inspire my eyes, everything else was frozen solid. That was strange because I felt water trickling down my body. My hair felt loose. Slowly I unfroze more and more, until eventually I could move more freely. I gazed around only to find that I was trapped in a rather small subway system. There were tubes piercing into my arms draining blood.One of my kind, a human, was walking olden so I tried to act frozen again however it wasnt working, I knew this because he started rummaging in his pocket. He pulled come on a key protrude which was debonnaire and boxlike. He approached my tube, shivers blazed down my spine he enclosed the key closer to my tube.By this point in time my body had been freed and I was able to move around. The doorway made a clicking noise as he put the key into it I presumed t hat the door was unlocked, so I kicked as hard and as fast as I could. The door flew open and knocked him flat against another row of tube running parallel to mine. I hopped out to take his keys and hold back him in my tube. I noticed that I was naked, so I stripped him to his underwear and dressed up in his security uniform, I tossed him in to my tube. The key for my tube was still in the keyhole of my door, so fully clothed I locked the door to conceal him in my tube.Now I was safe I looked around, it was a blood station. The guard in my tank was kicking and screaming now. I noticed a dial and a tin screen on my tube. I turned the dial the screen now read 0 gallons of water/ice so I kept turning until it read 100. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 it went higher and higher, 60, 70, 80, 90, max. So I then I pushed the green button. Water flooded into the tank and filled it top to bottom and froze suddenly. The tubes that must have slipped out of me I saw winding through the tube and slipping int o his arms like syringes.I looked around again luckily it was an old factory and my tube was right next to one of the fire exits. I walked casually out of the door, there were no guards, and it must have been the one I locked in my tube. It was a desert outside, literally. Mountains of sand were getting blown around by the soft breeze. The sandy mountains were surrounded by three scruffy looking houses, apart from that there was nothing, just a big outstretch of desert. I knocked on one of the doors belong to which was attached to one of the houses. A panel slid open to reveal a jibe of eyes squinting at me.Alright officer he grumbled password please?What password? I queried I dont know of any password stomach chance bub he grunted at me.But I havent been told about any password I came out with sounding like a child that had been caught misbehaving.The door swung open faster than the door I has kicked earlier. A big man came into focus, he had torn uniform and a goatee beard, and h e was extremely buff. He grabbed me by the scruff of my neck and dragged me back in to the old factory. I cringed as the guard walked past my tank. He glanced at it as he walked past but he didnt stop. He walked on a bit then doubled back to get a closer look.John? he mumbled to himself.He realize the drain button and the tube slowly started to drain again. Once it has he unlocked the door and swung it open.John spat out him He put me in here, hes a donorThe other guard turned round and gave me a funny look and ripped johns clothes clean off of me. He took john out the tank, john started to get dressed. The buff guard threw me in and I smacked my face off the backing of the tube, the door slammed shut. I felt water rushing in it was at my neck now. I took my last breath and it all went dark.

Ballet & How Are Ballet Dancers Trained?

Raise your arms and bring your fingers together over your head. Now lift one foot, point your toes, and strike a pose. You be doing ballet. Ballet is a form of dance with graceful steps and arm movements as well as leaps and spins. We likewise use the word ballet to distinguish a humbug performed to music, using ballet dance techniques. Ballet performances include not only dance and music but also costumes and scenery.Some of the most favorite ballets are Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, and The Sleeping Beauty. HOW ARE BALLET DANCERS TRAINED? Girls who study ballet generally begin by age eight to ten.Boys often scrawl later. Ballet training is hard work. Ballet students must develop strength, balance, and flexibility as well as grace. They must learn a set of movements and gestures. Girls also learn to dance on their toes. They usually begin pointe (tip-of-the-toes) work after three years of training. All ballet students practice tailfin basic positions of the feet. These five posi tions form the basis of almost all ballet steps. All of these positions are performed with the legs turned outward at the hip. The feet should be able form a on-key line on the floor.The turned-out position gives a dancer a more pleasing line. Line has to do with the placement of the dancers body, in apparent motion and at rest. All parts of the dancers body must be placed in the correct position to achieve good line. schooling can improve a dancers line. Good line gives a dancer the greatest stability and ease of movement. It also makes the dancers body seem light in weight. All dancers take daily classes to keep their bodies flexible and strong. Most classes begin with warm-up exercises at the barre, a quetch that dancers hold onto for support.The second part of the class consists of slow exercises that develop balance and fluid (flowing, not jerky) motion. After this, dancers practice quick movements, such as puny jumps and leg extensions, and then large steps, turns, and l eaps. WHO CREATES BALLETS? Ballet dancers work with their bodies to perform the movements in a ballet and achieve dramatic effects. The choreographer is the person who decides what movements the dancers will execute. The choreographer chooses a story or theme for the ballet. He or she also decides on the music. Sometimes, the choreographer uses music that is already written.Sometimes, music is composed specifically to accompany a new ballet. Choreographers whitethorn create ballets for specific dancers. In that case, they try to show off what these dancers do best. WHY SO MUCH FRENCH? The language of balletits rules and steps true over centuries. The steps were first named in France, and they have kept their French names. For example, when the body spins on one foot, the step or movement is called a pirouette. This French word once meant a spinning top. A pas de deux, meaning step for two, is a dance for two dancers. En pointe, on the tip of the toes, comes from French speech commu nication meaning on point.

The Wound Dresser – John Adams

The second piece I reviewed was entitled The Wound Dresser. This is a composition for sleeping accommodation orchestra and baritone singer. John Adams based this piece off of The Wound Dresser, a poem by Walt Whitman. The poem was written in in 1865 and was based on Whitmans experiences working as a nurse in the American Civil War. John Adams is most often recognized as a minimalist, and well known for his pieces Doctor Atomic, and Short Ride in a Fast Car. You can hear examples of minimalism exclusively throughout the piece.What I found interesting was that when Adams was working on this piece, his father was dying of Alzheimers disease. This gave Adams the ability to connect with Whitmans poem on a much deeper level. non just by having an awareness of dying, moreover by caring for people who are dying. Lyrically, this piece start out with a man reminiscing of caring for maimed soldiers in the hospital. It was his job do change the dressings on the wounded soldiers. What I notic ed most was how Adams reflected the mood and tone of the lyrics by using odd combinations of instruments, and funny harmonic combinations.The bugle style trumpet, with a synthesizer, and some extreme ranges on the first violin produce a sense of misery or helplessness that couples with the baritones lyrics perfectly. The first violins solo was beautiful but yet projected a somehow painful, sorrowful feel. When the strings all began to play, it was slow The piece starts out with just violins, and the first violin vie a solo in an usually high register. The double basses begin playing legato and slowly fading in and out. If pain and sorrow could be written through music, then John Adams did it in this piece.I heard them eventually playing pizzicato, with strings still sweeping in and out. That moment was beautiful. There was a trumpet solo, which somehow sounded distant. Upon reflection I realized that it had the same effect that Adams utilise in his piece Distant Trumpet written in 1986. The lyrics were shockingly disturbing. Not something that I was expecting to hear. They were many points in the baritones melody that it sounded atonal. It was dark, and low-toned from every end. Lyrics like come, sweet death implying that death would be complete joy for him.I couldnt quite pick a structure out of the piece, but at the end, I heard a returning theme in the first violin. All in all, this piece was beautifully miserable. Like always, I well enjoyed my time at the CPO. I heard the Chorus for the first time, I also heard a synthesizer be used for the first time. I hope to hear different versions of Ave Maria and Ode Joy as well. This experience was impacting and inspiring. It made me desire to strive to a new level in my musicianship that I have never been to before.

Short Speech about Discrimination Among Girl Child and Boy Child

Discrimination against little female child children has been a topic of debate. It has been a cogitation of concern and sociological significance. This subject raises the cultural aspects about the role of a missy child in society, what her human rightsare as a human universe and a number of sensitive issues. This issue is important because in that respect is nearly universal consensus on the need for gender equality. Gender based discrimination against girl children is pervasive across the world. It is seen in all the strata of society and manifests in various forms.As per the literature, girl child has been treated inferior to boy child and this is deeply incised in the mind of the girl child. Some argue that due to this inferior treatment the girls fail to understand their rights. This is more predominant in India as puff up as other lesser developed countries. Sex selection of the before birth and neglect of the girl child after birth, in childhood and, during the teenage old age has outnumbered boys to girls in India and also in countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and South Korea.There are 1029 women per 1000 men in North America and 1076 women per 1000 men in Europenbut there are only 927 women per 1000 men in India. These numbers tell us quite a harsh story about neglect and mistreatment of the girl child in India. Women have a biological advantage over men for longetivity and survival, however, in spite of this there are more men than women. The figures higher up support that gender discrimination of girl child is a basic facility area.Though the demographic characteristics do not show much or in some cases, anti-girl bias, there is always a woman who receives a small piece of the pie. There are two main inequalities as shewed out by Amartya Sen, the educational inequality and health inequality, these are the indicators of a womans status of welfare. In India irrespective of the caste, creed, religion and social status, the overall status of a woman is lower than men and therefore a boy child is preferred over a girl child.A boy child is considered a invoke and his birth is celebrated as opposed to a girl child where her birth is not celebrated and is considered more of a burden. Therefore, education and health care of the girl child in India is an important social indicator to measure equality between men and women. According to the 2001 Indian census, overall boy-girl ratio was 927 girls per 1000 boys. However, the 2011 Indian census shows that there are 914 girls per 1000 boys.During the last decade the number girl children to boy children in the newest age group fell from 945 per 1000 boys to 927 per 1000 boys. As per the data available there seems to be gender disparity depending on the location, as the Northern states(particularly Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh) seem to be more biased then the gray states. The sharpest decline for the age group of zero to six years is observed in the Northern States part icularly in Punjab (793 per 1000 girls) and Haryana (820 per 1000 girls).These new figures point out that the use of new technology contributes to the gender composition. Furthermore, the availability of and access to new technologies provides new ways for parent to achieve such goals of sex finish before birth. Due to the widespread use of this technology the Indian Government banned the sex determination before birth. In spite of these bans imposed by the Government, the law is not widely followed.A social development report presented in 2010 to the World Bank and UNDP, found that the time a girl child and a boy child spends on various activities is similar, with the exception of domestic work and social/resting time a girl child spends nearly three forth of an hour more on domestic work than a boy child and therefore lesser hours of social activity/resting then boys. Despite do in advancing gender equity from a legal standpoint, in practice many women and girl children still l ack opportunities, and support for the socio-economic advancement.Historically, the inclusion of young girls and women in education has helped challenge gender stereotypes and discrimination. This suggests that providing space for young girls to develop leadership skills, through education and healthy living is important. This can shape attitudes towards women capabilities as leaders and decision makers especially in conventionally boy domains and boy dominated cultures. Because of the sex preference of boy children in India, girl children are deemed of resources in the areas of health and education.

Teachers And Teaching In The Uae Education Essay

On Sunday, 07 February 2010 an Education Policy Forum took topographic point in the Dubai School of Government titled Teachers and Teaching in the UAE. The session include 4 embellishlists Dr. Ian Haslam, Vice Chancellor of Emirates College for Advanced Education, Dr. Jane Truscott, Academic Programme Coordinator for Madargons Al Ghad, Ministry of Education, Dr. Peggy Blackwell, Dean, College of Education, Zayed University, and, Jill Clark, Principal Curriculum Advisor for Early Years, Centre for British Teachers in Abu Dhabi. The panel was headed by the Moderator Dr. Natasha Ridge, Research Fel get-go, Dubai School of Government. The forum discussed the ch all in allenges and troubles to building an first-class instruction work force with quality, instructors fulfilment and satisfaction degree with the conceptualization and instruction they get, and how the preparation of instructors is altering instruction in the United Arab Emirates.Dr. Haslam started his treatment by inquir ing what are the challenges to constructing a quality learning work force in the UAE? What are the challenges to raising the quality of the current instructors? What are the clear regulations and ordinances? He mentions the Singapore Model. Dr. Haslam focuses specifically on the significance of cooperation between schools and other larning establishments in public society. He mentioned that they read more work forces in ( ECAE ) as it is dominated by adult females. He talked about the 11,000 instructors who performed really ill on IELTS and had really low tonss. He added that most of the instructors do non hold pre-teaching preparation. Dr. Haslam emphasized the significationance of constructing partnership between the province and the schools. He mentioned an of import point that if the pupils are underperforming, it is the instructor to blur and if the instructor is underachieving it is the Head of the Institution to fault. He said there need to be alteration and development in the procedure of how instructors are recruited and how it is extremely of import to maintain advancing by puting in research in instruction and professional development.The 2nd panellist was Dr. Jane Truscott. She started off by stating that Madares Al Ghad has 44 schools all over the Emirates with the same budget and resources as the remainder of the Ministry of Education schools. There are 3 chief ends of Madares al Ghad to make a first educational system, to increase the capacity of UAE instructors, she says the instructors are our resource for effectual instruction , and to increase linguistic communication proficiency of class 12 alumnuss. She discusses the category room methodological analysis and as to who chooses the course of study. She negotiations of the importance of traveling to a modern category room where pupils can work in groups and where critical thought and collaborative acquisition takes topographic point. The pupils should larn new engineers, she adds and t o go experts with greater liberty and duty. The pupils have to go independent instead than dependent on the instructors. She so moves to plow the challenges that face the instructor and how the quality of instructors is to be improved, how teacher preparation is transforming instructors in the Madares Al Ghad Schools. She talks about how to better the system overall and how to back up the mechanisms for the instructors to back up their attempts to do alteration.The tierces panellist, Dr. Peggy Blackwell spoke about some challenges that are confronting the instruction profession. The first thing she mentioned was the demand of a acquisition centre for instructors. She adds, the instructors need initial readying in the university and professional readying outside the university. The instructors have to cognize what they are learning and how to reassign the content to the pupils. Blackwell discusses the ends which are to give the instructor the nucleus cognition for their calling and professional development, for every instructor to learn in a manner to optimise the cognition for the pupils. She talks about the importance of research and how course of study is of import for learning. Teachers should cognize about kid development and reliable appraisal of pupils. What could be the challenges? she discusses. There are a date of challenges Geographic scattering, non plenty support, non plenty follow up and work with the instructors, the Emirati pattern of a short school twenty-four hours and school twelvemonth and many more. She so moves to the recommendations which are the governments should present enfranchisement and licensing given to instructors when they complete professional criterion, a research Centre, learning Arabic linguistic communication is critical and how to learn it and to dedicate attending to what the pupils have to state and their feedback.Last, Jill Clark starts off by speaking briefly about the what the Centre s mission and the alterations a nd transmutations initiated by the Centre for British Teachers in Abu Dhabi over the past 4 old ages in a figure of schools in Abu Dhabi. She said that Abu Dhabi invests a batch of money to develop the schools and to back up the instructors and a batch of schools have had good support ( substructure, equipment, etc ) from Abu Dhabi Education Council. These developments and alterations included doing the schoolrooms a more exciting topographic point to analyze, supplying entree to engineering in the schoolroom and extra instruction equipments and stuffs. She mentions the importance of civilization and heritage and how indispensable that the kids remember the UAE values and history. The English linguistic communication should be highly-developed and that instructors should make this strong bond with the students and develop active larning communicating with the parents. Clarks discusses the major purposes of the Centre which are to make to the criterion of International Education, to develop on humanist disciplines, physical instruction and wellness, bilingual development, larning in context ( active acquisition ) and job resolution, instructors have to travel for lessons after school for English, regular appraisals of acquisition and ontogeny practical patterns. She concludes by saying that the consequences until now have been really successful.After the four panellists finished their treatments, the moderator of the session, Dr. Natasha Ridge, opened the floor for inquiries and she concluded by reemphasizing the necessity to depart original and new learning methods to hold the students engage good. At the terminal of the forum, it was agreed that important partnerships need to be promoted between the state, the instruction mechanisms and other governing organic structures to sketch indispensable policies that affects the development of kids.

American History 1946-1976

The joined States is a nation of immigrants. The re typefacent cosmos of the country comprises batch who came from abroad or are descendents from overseas. Black were said to be some of the earlier migrants precisely they were considered to be slaves prior to the Emancipation Proclamation. The transformation of the the Statesn society is non possible without the outburst of raft influx. The industrial vicissitude made it possible for transportation and communication, resulting in a massive economic transformation for America. In the early part of American history, immigration rules had been lax.It was not until 1819 when the set-back immigration statistics had been collected when the topic of immigration was laid on the table for lawmakers (McClenaghan, 1988, p. 170). Given the abundance of fertile land in the country which necessitated hunters, immigration was deemed on a positive note. However, the end of the Civil War saw closing of the land frontier. There was no shorta ge of manpower and the sudden boom of population and spirit of nationalism had started to take its toll among immigrants. The end of Civil War was witnessed by European immigrants who had already settled in the county starting 1820.The Irish, for instance, had left Ireland collect to the severe British regimen ruling in their country (May, 1989, p. 479). Likewise, the European War saw many Italians, Greeks, Polish, Germans and other non- position speaking pack coming to America. In Unit I, which covers the 1865- 1876, life for American immigrants mirrored the agony of reconstruction the country was facing at that time. As the country was struggling with picking the pieces of an embattled nation, immigrants act to flock America. Some southern and northern states had put up bureaus to draw immigrants.The Contract Labor Law of 1864 stated that the federal political sympathies would assist an immigrant in his journey by a lien on his or her wages (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 938). Th e law was revoked in 1868. Majority of non-English speaking immigrants toiled as fatigueers, porters, peddlers, while those who spoke English were able to find higher paying jobs. By 1870, the country had around 39 one thousand million people, 3 million of whom were immigrants or those born abroad and settled in America (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p. 549).There were in like manner immigrants from Asia. In the early 1850s, Chinese immigrants went to California to work in gold mines (Brinkley, 2003, p. 446). By 1865, more than 12,000 Chinese had found work in building the transcontinental railroad. The Central Pacific which was then responsible for building the western part of the road had 90% of Chinese in its travail force. One friendly issue they faced was discrimination. While it was true that corporations preferred hiring Chinese because of their tenacity and commitment to work, many Americans resented this.More jobs were organism given to Chinese becaus e they were also willing to work for fewer wages, something which did not sit easy with Americans. As one editor of the New York Nation said, the Chinese were responsible for creating a foul-smelling habits of thrift, industry and self-denial (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 947). With the country tiding in on Reconstruction, the economy was not in a good shape and Americans blamed the Chinese and other immigrants (May, 1989, p. 481). distinction in California, where most Chinese immigrants had taken residence, started to brew.The Workingmens Party, for instance, was intense in goading the government to pass laws to victimize Chinese. The Sidewalk Ordinance which banned people carrying their merchandise on a pole to walk on the sidewalk (p. 481). At that time only Chinese carried their goods this way. The discrimination was this obvious the anti-Chinese sentiment was emergence. The affright of 1873 fueled this tension and the Congress soon acted with an exclusion act in 1879, which b an the import of Chinese workers (Bragdon, McCutchen, and Ritchie, 1996, p. 532).In response to the issue, the Chinese did nothing, continuing to work, toiling in vast drainage and irrigation projects (Brinkley, 2003, p 446). It was initially rejected by President Hayes citing the Burlingame Treaty of 1868, which made China a most-favored nation when it comes to travel and immigration (ONeill, 2002, p. 240 Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 947). However, as constructions of railroads were finished, demand for ramers waned and in 1882, President Arthur approved a ten- social class suspension called the Chinese Exclusion Act. In 1902, the act suspended indefinitely.The outcome was limitation in the human action of Chinese immigrants coming in to the country but their number had already increased collect to marriage and birth within their community. The tide of American immigrants continued from 1877- 1920. In fact, it was during this blockage where around 14 million Europeans made America their residence (May, 1989, p. 482). It used to be that immigrants came prior to 1890 came from northern and western Europe. However, the year 1885 saw a tremendous increase of immigrants coming from southern and Eastern Europe (Bragdon, McCutchen and Ritchie, 1996, p.529). Furthermore, America welcomed immigrants from Canada, Mexico, Latin America and Japan (Brinkley, 2003, p. 502). Chinese immigrants, despite the Chinese Exclusion Act, along with the Japanese continued to flock America (p. 502). In 1880, there were around 75,000 Chinese in California, 1/9th of the states population (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 946). In 1870, the number of Japanese immigrants were roughly near 56 however by 1900-1909, the figures increased significantly to an estimate 7000 (p. 481).By 1890, four out of five people living in New York was born abroad the state also become home to more Irish than the Irish people living in Ireland (p. 937). The appeal of America was probably due to the hardship their respective countries were experienced. The surge in immigration was responsible for the growth of the country, especially its urban growth as most immigrants were lured by the city, where the realization of the American dream had already begun. Europeans crossed the Atlantic in hopes of a better future in the cities of America (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 504).As the in the raw immigrants began to settle in the cities, they started to live in homogenous neighborhoods. Thus, there existed a Little Italy and a Jewish Lower East Side on the side of New York and Chinatown. These small enclaves allowed the immigrants to retain their sense of community. In 1920, Chicago had around 1 7 Little Italy colonies spread out in the city (p. 943). Ellis Island in New York became the port of immigrants. This reception center situated in an island off the New Jersey coast became the first soil that immigrants stepped on upon entering the United States (pp.940). The heathenish neighborhood facilit ated for what could have been an easier assimilation for these immigrants. They recreated their own churches, synagogues, and even printed their own newspapers (p. 531). However, the influx immigration created not only social line of works but economic and as well. Immigrants had a hard time finding decent jobs, often toiling in sweatshops, factories and mines. The atmosphere of nativism, where native-born should be favored instead of immigrants in near about anything, was developing.Native-born Americans started growing prejudice against them, threatened their entry in the country. The differences not only in language, dress and customs made Americans fear for this looming social changes. Immigrants were considerably the subject of hostility. Literary problems also started to arise, especially for those non-English speaking immigrants. The Japanese, for instance, started learning the American way of living, learning English and sending their children to public schools (May, 1989 , p. 481). However, this did not sit well with Americans.In 1906, the San Francisco school board issued an order to separate Japanese children from the other students. When the Japanese government protested, President Roosevelt intervened. An agreement in 1908 centered on an agreement hold the number of Japanese immigrants to the country (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 506). California, which in earlier years, resented the presence of Chinese immigrants, passed an Alien Land Law, which banned Japanese from possessing agri finis land (p. 506). As labor unions began to form around the country, immigrants were lock in not accepted.For one, they received fewer wage. For a dollar that an American-born laborer received, Italians received 84 cents, Hungarians 68 cents and others 54 cents (Katz, 1993, p. 73). Furthermore, Americans organized themselves to reappearance the growing number of immigrants. They formed group such as the American Protective Association, which was against Catholic immigrants. The largest labor union, the AFL or American Federation of Labor excluded immigrants. As America continued to plunge into urban growth, political corruption became prevalent. Americans blamed corruption as the cause of the growing immigration.In response to this, immigrants chose to remain loyal to their employees. As civic reformers talked of cleaning up the government and expressing their contempt on immigrants, the bosses showed appreciation to their employees by helping them process their naturalization proceedings and helping them when they got into trouble (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 507). With regards to the labor union, the Industrial Workers of the humanity (IWWW) was formed in 1905 to include all workers regardless of race, skill and gender (Katz, 1993, p. 73). The outcome of this was that immigrants had started to stand up for what they believed in.racial segregation still existed but the process of keeping their identities intact had begun. An example was the creation of French-language parochial schools in New England. Put up by French Canadians, the schools had grown to 179 elementary and 28 high schools in America (Katz, 1993, p. 15). It was a clear sign that immigrants were determined to stay in the country. Child labor laws prohibited immigrant children to work, forced them instead to go to schools. With the compulsory education laws, children of immigrants became indoctrinated with the American value and English values (p. 642).Majority of these children were responsible of passing their learning to their non-English speaking parents. The years 1921-1945 saw a decrease in the number of immigrants. Following the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, the list of requirements and restriction on immigrants had tightened. For instance, immoral persons and anarchists were banned to enter US in 1903, illiterates in 1917 (McClenaghan, 1988, p. 170). By 1920, roughly 20 various immigrant groups were not able to step in the country (p. 170). T he lives of American immigrants became harder, especially with the mounting antiforeign and anti-Black sentiment around the country.This period ushered in the Progressive spirit, which focused on every aspect of American life, including those of immigrants. This time saw reforms in what Progressives deemed as the evils of the American system. Discrimination and prejudice still reigned in the country, despite the fact that American immigrants have been in the country for years One political problem they faced was religious problems. As World War I erupted, many Europeans fled their countries and sought refuge in America. The new immigrants, as they were known, were mostly Jewish or Roman Catholics (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p.630). American Protestants feared that their religious values would shadow the presence of Catholics. Some employees also declined Irish applicants, to the extent of posting an Irish need not apply signs (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 483). The Catholic Church was then predominate by the Irish, thus became the subject of religious persecution. Additionally, various religious discrepancies among immigrants themselves caused more misunderstanding. To cite, Russian and Polish Jews had different traditions from Sephardic and German Jews (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 945).In response to this issue, the immigrants continued to go about their own ways. They formed groups, recreated their own churches and synagogues. The outcome of doing this was it strengthened the unity among immigrant groups. They became more close-knit, living in homogenous areas of the city. It was also during this period when immigrants faced greater social and political problems. Agitation towards immigrant became full-blown. Xenophobia or the fear of strangers became the growing sentiment in the country. The new immigrants made Americans alarmed over race suicide (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p.63). For instance, Kenneth Roberts wrote in the habitual Satur day Evening Post that Polish Jews should be avoided for they were human parasites and that immigrants of Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean and Semitic ethnicity were not only worthless and futile but good-for-nothing mongrels of Central America and Southeastern Europe (p. 630). Another problem which immigrants faced which further planted the seeds of the sedition was the celebrated case involving two Italian anarchists named Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. An anarchist is someone who does not believe in any form of government.The two were arrested for a payroll robbery and murder in Massachusetts (p. 629). They were sentenced to death although evidence against them was inconclusive. They were electrocuted in 1927, amidst a series of worldwide remonstration (p. 629). Some people believed that they were innocent and the reason that they convicted was because of their political beliefs. Moreover, it was during this year when Red S condole with pervaded the United States. A few years ago, communists, called Reds, took potency of the Russian government. The communists believed that the government should take control of everything, like farms and factories.This train of thought contrasts with the American system of free enterprise (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p. 692). Americans soon began fearing that communists living in the US would do embark on this. It did not help that during this time, labor unrest was notorious, stimulating more trepidation on Americans. To assuage their fears, some Americans revived the Ku Klux Klan, which was scoopful for native-born, white, gentile Americans (p. 693). The organization, started during the Reconstruction heyday, attacked not only black people but immigrants, Jews, and American Indians (p.693). In the mid 1920s, the group boasted of around five million members (p. 694). The resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, the Red Scare and the conviction of the Italian immigrants made Congress pass the Emergency Quota Act in 1921 which restricted immigration to the country (Bragdon, McCutchen and Ritchie, 1996, p. 717). Immigration was curb to 3 percent of the nationality already in the US (p. 717). The act became a permanent policy three years later and in 1927 a number of 150,000 immigrants were to be admitted per year, divided based on the 1920 census (p. 717).Japanese immigrants were completely excluded with the passing of the Japanese Exclusion Act in 1924. In response to the overwhelming problems that chivy the immigrants, the immigrants had no choice but to comply with the laws. In some cases, like with the Japanese, the exclusion greatly damaged diplomatic relationship mingled with the two countries. At the height of the war, Japanese-Americans were forced to move to relocation camps (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p. 738). Japanese-Americans who lived on the West Coast were accused of helping the Japanese sabotage the country (p. 738).For some immigrants, the restric tion and growing anti-immigrant sentiment thrown at them were not enough to make them waver and give in. They remained steadfast and continued living in proximity, becoming stable in the process. They formed groups such as the La Orden de Hijos de America, which comprised white Chicano workers fighting for their U. S. citizenships (Katz, 1993, p. 15). Despite the discrimination and maltreatment, many Japanese- Americans volunteered during the War. It paid off. In 1988, the Senate issued a public apology and provided a tax-free payment of $20,000 to surviving Japanese-Americans (p.738). Following World War II, Unit IV, covering the years 1946-1976, life for immigrants was much better. Despite the inequalities in America, many people chose to live in the country, some sought political asylum and freedom from oppression. Others simply wanted to have a better future in the US. In the 60s, where call for civil rights where at the forefront, many Americans demanded for immigration reforms . In July 1963, President Kennedy recommended to scrap the national origins quota system (Divine, Breen, Fredrickson, and Williams, 1991, p . 882).The Immigration Act of 1965 restricted the number of immigrants to 170,000 per year per country and phased the national origins quota altogether (Brinkley, 2003, p. 835). In the 70s, immigrations increased to 433, 600 a year (Jordan and Litwack, 1991, p. 892). The 60s saw a surge in Mexicans migrating to the country. One literary problem they faced was language parapet. Some Latinos who established their presence in America could not speak nor understand English. This proved to be a big barrier in applying for jobs and immersing in the American life.Several employers took advantage of this and exploited Mexican workers. In response to this, several Mexican Americans founded labor organizations to help them get jobs and receive due benefits. In doing so, they strengthened their ethnicity. With regards to their language, in 1974, the Unite d States Supreme Court approved the right of non-English speaking students to seek education in their own language. Thus, the idea of bilingualistism was injected into American culture. After the Vietnam War, several Asians took refuge in America. The door of immigration opened again for the country.In the 80s, legal immigration in the US was estimated at 7 million people (Tindall and Shi, 1999, p. 1653). It was also the first time that majority of these immigrants did not come from Europe (p. 1653). The new wave of immigrants, mostly from Asia and Latin America, reopened the old wound of ethnic conflict. One social problem these new immigrants faced were still discrimination. In 1994, California passed Proposition 187, which banned illegal aliens to have access to school, medical care and other social services (Bragdon, McCutchen and Ritchie, 1996, p. 1019).This created friction between the legal immigrants and the illegal ones. Some preached that this is completely bigotry. Addin g more salt to the wound was the 1998 approval of ending bilingual education in California. In response to this problem, immigrants worked to enter the country legally. Although there are aliens flooding the country from time to time, Immigration Services has employed a stricter guideline. Several ethnic groups have also asserted themselves. The entry of ethnic studies program in school and universities is one way of embracing cultural differences between Americans and differences.This is one outcome that immigrants had wanted to achieve from the first time they stepped foot in the country. The presence of immigrants in the United States has earned the country the moniker of being a melting pot. The country is a multi-cultural society with each group respecting the other. Mayor Share James of Newark, New Jersey, noted that Americas multifariousness is its strength (Bragdon, McCutchen and Ritchie, 1996, p. 1020). This makes sense. Since the discovery of America, it has always been v aried. Different cultures and ethnic background make it unique, in the same vein that the differences provide a sense of heritage.It makes America culture colorful. It is sad for a fact that it took people years to understand this and that the forefathers of immigrants had to endure torture and humiliation but the appointment of the first Black American chairperson in the country is probably a sign that yes, the country is ready for change. References Bragdon, H. , McCutchen, S. and Ritchie, D. (1996). History of a free nation. Ohio Glencoe/ McGraw-Hill. Brinkley, A. (2003). American history a survey the States McGraw-Hill. Divine, R. , Breen, T. H. , Fredrickson, G. , Williams, R. H. (1991). America the peopleand the dream. Illinois Scott, Foresman and Company. Jordan, W. and Litwack, L. (1991). The United States 7th ed. New Jersey Prentice Hall. Katz, W. (1993). A history of multicultural America. USA Sleek- Vaugh Company. May, E. (1989). A proud nation. Illinois McDougal, Littel l and Company. McClenaghan,W. (1988). Magruders American government Massachusetts Prentice Hall. ONeill, W. (2002). United States. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 29 USA Britannica Inc. Tindall, G. B. , and Shi, D. (1999). America a narrative history. USA W. W. Norton and Company.

Biomechanice in Volleyball

Physical Education Volley goon Year 11 The character of this report is to evaluate my performance, of my chosen serve the oerhand serve, using biomechanical principles. As stated by Amezdroz et al, (2004) Biomechanics is the study of how living things move, and the efficiency of movement, in particular. Biomechanics is used to countenance valid reasons for observed effects diagnose problems with technique and mediocreify changes in technique. Throughout this term I have taken photos of my progress within the oversewn serve, I will be showing you in detail my strengths and weaknesses when applying the serve I will be Correcting errors and justifying my analysis using biomechanical principles. The accurate technique of the over hand serve. To start off the serve you need to make sure you have volleyball, a court and opponents. When getting ready to serve Set yourself up with your feet, hips and shoulders facing the direction you want the ball to go.The less movement you have while p erforming this serve the better. For a right handed person the left hand foot is slightly forward, both knees are slightly flexed, with your body weight equally distributed, hold the ball in your non dominate hand at federal agency level, palm up, it is important to keep your elbow Loose with a slight bend, Position your serving arm so your elbow and hand are just above your ear, keep your hand open and your wrist locked.The toss is the most Important part of this serve, toss the ball 12 to 18 inches above your taper in front of your serving shoulder, this keeps your serving motion simple, so you can reach high and hit the ball with a powerful swing, contact the ball with the heel of your hand, keeping your hand opened and flat, your wrist should be locked your arm fully extended, step forwardAs you can see in this figure, the Girl has got her feet, hips and shoulders facing the centering she wants the ball to go, her body is also equally distributed, both of her knees are sligh tly bend also when she has tossed the ball up it has gone about 12 to 18 inches and it is also in front of her serving shoulder, then she hits the ball through with a powerful swing.

Gender Analysis of Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay

Write an search that explores Garcia Marquezs implicit themes about relationships between men and women in Chronicle of a Death ForetoldIn Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Chronicle of a Death Foretold there ar several types of relationships between men and women that, although opposites on the moral compass, coincide well. These relationships include prostitution and honor, utilitarian marriage and disposition, as well as cozy expectations of men and women. These uniquely corresponding relationships present a number of themes regarding gender throughout the selection, and are commensurate to grant us a greater understanding of the circumstances surrounding the small town in the story.Prostitution and honor are almost opposites by definition, so why is it that they exist in accordance throughout the selection? The reason that these two different things are able to coincide is the distinctive determine present in this story. The brothel is a house of mercies(45) that is well attended as to prove a point at how widely accepted this place is. The sexual expectations of men have a make out to do with these values as men are expected to be experienced come marriage, rescue great honor if the wife is pure. The relationship between prostitution and honor reveals the theme of use of women as property whose value is determined by appearance and purity.The theme of the use of women as property is however elaborated in the relationship between sexual expectations of men and women. The sexual expectations of men and the sexual expectations of women are very different. Men are to be experienced and should have visited the brothel and gotten past the initial flicker and fear of sex by the time that they are married, making the theme of a patriarchal confederation very clear. On the other hand, women are supposed to be pure until the time of marriage comes, so that they may bring honor and prestige to themselves, their family and their husbands. If they dont they may end u p organism punished by their punished by being beat with such rage that it might search as they aim to kill(46) by their mothers. The brothel is one of the only alternatives for women who have not prise this social rule, and serves as a punishment for refusing social norms and keeping their family from advancement.The ever-present struggle between desire and utilitarian marriage serves as the missing factor in the equation of life in this society. A violation of the sexual expectations of women through desire canful end in prostitution, reflectively the compliancy of expectations can bring honor resulting in marriage. In conclusion, this patriarchal society has a unique set of rules with predetermine destinations that give a better understanding to the motives of characters such as the Vicario brothers and their sister.

Ovid the Metamorphoses

Joey c. The Metamorphoses Why Jupiters feelings that hu populaces ar satanic is misled and hypocritical. And I reckon them that ar good must suffer for it the same as them that are bad. ? William Faulkner. Faulkners ideology is prevalent in the story The Metamorphoses, by Ovid, as the poet tells of the god Jupiter destroying all homophile kind (except for Deucalion and Pyrrha) beca hold of the exploits of one, Lycaon. Ovid describes Jupiters remainder as an effort to protect all the gods who do not live in the heavens. However, Jupiters actions are not justified in some(prenominal) way presented in the book.In the story there are multiple cases where Jupiter and an early(a)(prenominal) gods cause d displeasure and torment on the lower class of gods. Examples of rape, intervention of trus 2rthy dearest, and gods being killed, forever changed, and cast show up, are all reoccurring events that occur byout The Metamorphoses. This concludes that, with the demise of humanit y, Jupiter exemplifies characteristics of ignorance and hypocrisy by not considering the good and well being of other reality, harming the very gods he preparation out to protect, and ignoring the other gods wrong doings, that were more detrimental than any human ever had the strength to do.Jupiter believes that humans are all evil, however he took this generalization off of one situation and failed to consider any other possibilities. By this generalization, Jupiter has misled information and a bias heart going into his termination to flood the world. Jupiter, during an historic period of hardship and nothing sacred, went to see a human named Lycaon. During his visit Jupiter was treated with disrespect and was even move to be murdered by Lycaon. at first Lycaon mocked their piety He planned to take me, deluge with sleep, and murder me as I lay unawares. (The Metamorphoses al-Quran 1, 308-313).So outraged, Jupiter set out to destroy humanity with a flood. K Balsley, whose article about The Metamorphoses is published in the University Of California Press, believes that lots of Jupiters intention was anger based and that led Jupiter to his misjudgment. Jupiter is too overcome with anger, too quick to punish and too abusive of his potence as king of the gods to provide an unbiased version of the truth (Balsley). Jupiters anger clouded his forefront from seeing the good that others might have and that Lycaons actions are the reason why Jupiter flooded the world, not by mankinds evil.With the flood, two people survived, Deucalion and Pyrrha. These two were examples of the honorable and just men and women that Jupiter neglect to consider as he tore apart all human kind. Jupiter realized the world was now thoroughly inundated, and observed only a single man and woman left out of the many thousands there had been, and that they both(prenominal) were blameless and devout (The Metamorphoses Book 1, 447-451). These two individuals proved that Jupiter was t oo quick to action in his decision and made a major mistake in believing all man kind is evil.These two major parts of The Metamorphoses show Jupiters action as ignorant, provided it is also Jupiters hypocrisy seen through his own wrong doings which presents the flaws of Jupiters justification on the flood. A major justification of why Jupiter serve out humanity is to protect the gods that lived on the earth, however this is a hypocritical desire as there are multiple cases in The Metamorphoses where he caused the earth dwelling gods torment. In book 2 of The Metamorphoses, Jupiter seeks out Callisto and rapes her. s she began recounting the days hunt, (Jupiter) interrupted her with an embrace that clearly showed his criminal intent (The Metamorphoses Book 2, 595-597). By successfully raping Callisto, Jupiter caused her harm which was the very thing he wanted to protect them from. His lust is unbeatable in the book as he is a powerful god and he breaks both his wife, Juno, and his others in his sexual acts. In book three, his wife is so furious at the lust compulsive Jupiter that she persuade one of his lovers, Semele, to make Jupiter make love with her using all of his power. (Semele) could not bear such ethereal excitement, burst into flames and was incinerated by Joves gift. Her child was torn out of her womb unfinished (The Metamorphoses Book 3, 497-400). Because of Jupiters actions both Semele and his own unborn son are killed. His lust drove Juno to intentionally hurt both Semele and Jupiter because she knew that by making love to Semele, it would kill her and the unborn child. This shows that he fails to protect the gods, and in a very hypocritical action, e actually did more damage to the gods than any human ever did. The evil of Jupiters actions are ironic because his punishment of all humanity is a result of the cruelty and sinning of humans that Jupiter saw. Through Jupiters faults it is clear that his destruction of mankind was an act of hypocrisy, however it is also the actions of other gods that make Jupiters reasons for the flood seem foolish. The gods in the story have powers that even the greatest of human abilities cannot compare to, and with evil intentions they can cause much more damage too.The gods actions in The Metamorphoses hurt many earth dwelling gods and prove that Jupiter has no justification for the flood if the other gods cant even act decently. In book 14, Glaucus asks Circe to help him get his love, Scylla. However, Circe was in love with Glaucus so she turned Scylla into a Monster. Her lover Glaucus wept at this and fled from having any more to do with Circe (Scylla) carried off Ulysses man as plunder (The Metamorphoses Book 14, 96-102). As a monster she killed many men until she was finally transform again.This turn of events shows that Circes selfish and evil heart that not only destroyed the love of Glaucus but also killed many innocent men, and morphed Scylla (who had been blameless throug hout the story) into a monster. Evil is seen through the gods and they have much greater power to act on it. This proses a greater threat to the gods that any human could have. The power the gods have come with major responsibilities, however it is prevalent throughout the poem that the gods use these powers in selfish ways. For example, when cupid shoots a love arrow at Apollo and an arrow to reject his love at Daphne.He does this as an act of retaliation of Apollos rudeness toward him. This action caused Apollo to plan of attack to rape Daphne, even if the attempt fails as Daphnes father turns her into a tree before anything happens. One is in love now, and the other one wont hear of it (The Metamorphoses Book 1, 657-658). This not only causes Apollo to be love driven but for Daphne to never want love, which turns the situation into a rape scene. Cupids enormous amount of pridefulness caused multiple gods emotional harm and displays that Jupiter misjudged the negative effect the gods have on distributively other.The good and the wicked are punished by Jupiter in this story. It is shown throughout the story of examples of ignorance and hypocrisy created by the flood on Jupiters behalf. Jupiter shows these traits by not considering the good people effected by the flood, harming the gods who he believed he would be protecting by the wipe out of humanity, and by ignoring the evil actions the gods. Jupiter has no justification of the destruction of humanity and his actions were unjust, hypocritical, and ignorant.

What are Ballads?

Ballads ar folk songs that tell a story. In the past when in that respect was no media, Ballad singers would go around houses asking if anything had happened. They then would remember this piece of news and would go around spreading it. Ballads only include the main detail so people listen to them. They were usually ab proscribed murders, mysteries and disasters. In this essay I will include the language features of Ballads and the storyline. I will as well as write about which ballads I have read and whether I have enjoyed them or not.Ballads sh be many another(prenominal) various language features. One of the language features used is repetition. Repetition occurs in what has happened to Lu-Lu?What has happened to Lu-Lu mother? this is almost standardized a chorus. It helps us remember the ballad. Another language feature is regular rhyme scheme. There is a regular rhyme scheme in Frankie and Johnny.Love. above This makes the poesy more interesting and it also gives the po em a rhythm. Another ballad that uses regular rhyme scheme is the Greshford disaster.Paid.Brigade This makes the poem have a regular beat also it makes the poem easier to remember. eitheriteration is a language feature. Alliteration occurs in Frankie and Johnny. divagateRollRoll. The R sound being repeated helps you picture someone being rolled over. In the ballad of Charlotte Dymond there is a lot of Alliteration.She.She.She This almost makes me feel manage someone is whispering because of the tribulation of Charlottes disappearance. In the Greshford tragedy all the stanzas have the same amount of lines this makes the poem more pleasing. In what has happened to Lu-Lu? All the stanzas have the same amount of lines. This made it easier to remember for Ballad Singers .In What has happened to Lu Lu? There atomic number 18 similes this is one I heard an engine roar. This helps you judge what the sound of the engine is interchangeable. In the Greshford Disaster there are also simi les What packed like snow in a drift This helps you imagine what the gas in the Dennis looked like, there would be lots of gas in the coal mine and you wouldnt be able to see anything like in a snow drift.Many Ballads are about contend but some of them are about other things like mysteries and disasters. Two ballads which are similar are The Ballad of Hillsborough and The Greshford Disaster because they are both about disastrous events and people dieing. However What has happened to Lu -Lu is various because it us about a girl disappearing. From my opinion I think The Greshford Disaster and The Ballad of Hillsborough are more tragic, because in what has happened to Lu -Lu no one actually dies but in the other deuce ballads there are people dieing.But different people will have a different opinion .Two other ballads which are similar are Frankie and Johnny and The ballad of Charlotte Dymond but in The ballad of Charlotte Dymond her husband Matthew kills here and in Frankie and John ny Frankie kills her husband Johnny. I think people would still like ballads like this because there are still people going missing, people dieing, and disasters. Also people like listening and reading about other people and things that are happening in the rest of the world.I have read a number of Ballads foe example The ballad of Hillsborough The Greshford Disaster, What has happened to Lu-Lu and The ballad of Charlotte Dymond. Although my personal favourite is Frankie and Johnny. The storyline of the ballad is about two people who are madly in love and in the end they betray each other .My favourite part is when Frankie takes the trigger out of her kimona. The poet says Frankie threw back her kimona took out a big 44 Root a toot toot three times she shoot. I thought this was effective because it puts you in suspense of what Frankie is going to do. I would recommend ballads to people who are ardent of reading and writing poems because ballads contain the same language features t hat poems include.

Slave Hollers

Roger Longfell Professor Lederdeck MUS 201 2/20/13 Slave Hollers Field Hollers were start developed in the cotton and rice scene of actions of the American slavery era. They were desired for their familiarity with rice cultivation. It was founded in South Carolinas Waccamaw plantation district during the eighteenth century. Low Country slaves cleared plantation shore up similar to their home country of Africa. In an attempt to meet the overseers rigorous demands, slaves continued efficient African practices of harvesting when they came to America.Field Hollers emerged from what the Africans previously used to fuel productivity. Most importantly Field Hollers go through cooperative work and help numb the mental pain of their bondage. Slaves sang group work songs that we travel to Field Hollers today. Similar tospirituals, arena hollers followed a model of call and response. It began with one of the more respected field hands leading the workers in a song. The others responded in sync with the rhythmic tone of the call. The task at hand determined the tempo of the song and the pace in which they worked.Most commonly, slaves born in Africa sung songs that prompt them of their homeland. American born slaves were considered African-American because of their African roots. African-American sung about the hardships of enslavement mainly because many were born and raised in enslavement. This theme can now be seen in the lyrics of blues songs, a form that developed at the turn of the 20th Century. Blues incorporated both the rhythmic patterns of field hollers and their subject matter to form its unique sound

Alcoholic Beverage and Personal Communication Essay

Introduction The persona of a range of dose types, including intoxicant, atomic tote up 18 part of the traditions of many a(prenominal), if non all, communities in Fiji. The Fijian and Indo-Fijian communities have long traditions of psycho-active drug usage in the linguistic context of ritual and conditioned emotional responseemony. 1,2 It has been noted that seaf bers, together with indentured labourers, brought cannabis or Indian hemp traditions to Fiji, with the sugar have words plantations providing fertile ground for cultivation. 2,3 Meanwhile, kava was widely cultivated and consumed by ethnic Fijians.The Indo-Fijian community slowly take kava crapulence rituals and gradually other(a)wises began to increase their exercise. In addition, marijuana use emerged and spread with increasing popularity amongst offspring, oddly males. 2-5 This literature re pull in explores the current licit and illicit drug situation in Fiji. It considers peer-reviewed articles identi ? ed utilize Pub Med, Health Internet Work Access to inquiry Initiative (HINARI) searches and grey literature, including published and unpublished newspaper publishers, and web based resources (e.g. UNDOC, WHO).The review piece that there is limited selective information available to assist in understanding the current situation and associated harms in Fiji, but notes more studies and reports have examined inebriant consumption recipes and associated well-disposed problems when comp ard with studies on illicit drug use. 1, 5-15 alcohol use in Fiji According to the WHO Global Status propound on alcoholic drink, data from the 1993 National Nutrition behold indicate that consumption of intoxicantic home create from raw material use is widespread in Fiji, as in other Paci? c nations.These beverages usually contain up to three clock times the alcohol content of commercially produced beer and argon mostly drunk by puppy same(p) men. 16 After 1995, unrecorded alcohol cons umption in Fiji was estimated to be 1. 0 litre of pure alcohol per capita for the population older than 15 years (estimated by a group of key alcohol experts). 17 Although there are no recently published statistics on the number of drinkers and abstainers, the similar review tack together daily drinkers to be 1. 4% among males and 0. 8% among females aged 12 years and everywhere.18 Estimates from alcohol experts submit that the proportion of adult males and females who had been abstaining (in the year prior to the survey) was 74% (males) and 98% (females). 17 Research shows that wiz imbibing sessions with a high rate of alcohol intake ( car park practice among Fijian youth) can condition abrupt mood swings resulting in strength, accidents and ? ghts, exaggerated emotions, uncharacteristic behaviour, memory loss, impaired judgement, communication problems, sleepiness, coma, stupor and conclusion (at very high intake) and suicide attempts.Binge drinking has in addition bee n implicated in schizophrenic and other psychiatric episodes. 19 165 limited review PACIFIC wellness DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, zero(prenominal) 1 trance there is limited current in recoilation on the rate and consumption patterns of alcohol, cannabis and kava among young concourse,1,6,9 several studies2,3,8,11 were conducted to analyse the extent of baccy and alcohol use among young nation in Fiji in the 1990s and early 2000s.One of the studies4 effect that alcohol is widely consumed in one form or another among young people, with rough 2 in 5 of the young people surveyed having tasted it. The section of young people classi? ed as current drinkers ranged from a high of 26% among males to 9% among females. 4 Of reside was the high proportion of binge drinkers about 3 in 5 young people reported having had 5 or more alcoholic drinks in one session. The postulate4 indicated that the high prevalence among 13-15 year olds poses a serious meet, and highlights the expect for law enforcement and intervention programs to create an environment that promotes responsible drinking.Interestingly, the study found that when compared to smoking, alcohol and kava use, the proportion of young people using cannabis was relatively low. 4 A follow up survey of 2147 students in 2004 by the National Substance Abuse informatory Council (NSAAC) found a general increase in substance use among secondary students (see table 1). sidestep 1 Youth Substance Use in Fiji (Comparison of the results for Fiji in the 1999 Global Youth Tobacco Survey by UNICEF and WHO and 2004 follow up survey by NSAAC). Substance Tobacco intoxicant Kava Marijuana GYT Survey (1999) 32.3 40. 3 51. 9 12. 8 NSAAC (2004) 43 51 61 13 Signi? cant variations subsist in the drinking habits of males and females in Fiji there are many more male drinkers than there are female drinkers. 11 Ordinarily males consume the bulk of the alcohol in the company of other males, usually during drinking sessions with no special occasion, while most women drink alcohol during social functions or in night club settings in the company of men and other women. patch women occasionally participate in drinking sessions, typically it is an exclusively male activity.11,13 It is at these drinking parties where the most copious amounts of alcohol are reportedly consumed. Thus, when males drink, they tend to drink larger amounts of alcohol in one sitting than women do. Illicit drug use in Fiji Border Security and dose Control Limited data exist to abet in understanding illicit drug use and the associated harms across the Paci? c. In addition, there are no surveillance systems. 20 However, Fiji by virtue of its geographical position is faced with the twin problems of illicit drug traf? cking and increasing use.21,22 These are come on aggravated by the rapid transitional and social changes arising from urbanization. These developments create an automated teller machine which exposes entire communities to greater risk associated with drug use (Personal communication Fiji Police Department, 2008). Minimal use of drugs much(prenominal) as heroin, morphine, cocaine and hallucinogens occur, but this review found that Fiji is considered a transit area for smuggling. 20-23.Drugs such(prenominal) as heroin, methamphetamines and 166 PACIFIC wellness DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 look into cocaine are not commonly used due to their high cost when compared to the average income. Raw cocaine has reportedly been found in Fiji and three Chinese men and a Fijian security guard were murdered in what was thought to be an organized crime execution linked to drugs. 22 National enforcement agencies have responded to confine down traf? cking as is re? ected by the large seizures of illicit drugs. 24,25 In spite of this response, a drug lab found in Fiji in 200625 opposes the view that organized crime groups could escalate their activities in the Paci? c islands.21,25 A raid at an industrial estate in Suva, involving police from Australia and New Zealand and Fijian Customs Of? cer followed a major heroin seizure in 2000. 21,25 The lab identi? cation withal suggests a transition of Fiji (and possibly other Paci? c Nations) from a transhipment stain to a crossingion base. According to the New Zealand Police, to succeed in future operations similar to the Suva bust, interested agencies contain to work towards having robust communication systems across organisations to keep them connected and informed on crime in the region.21 It is reported that there are about 5000 vessels transiting in the Paci? c on any given day. 21,24 Large shipments whitethorn be unloaded from a mother ship to smaller vessels, and can subsequently go in hiding at the many small, uninhibited islets and atolls, waiting for the next step. 21 Fiji has recently established a Transnational Crime social unit (TCU) with the Fiji Islands Revenue and Customs Authority (FIRCA) as one of the key law enfor cement agencies involved. This unit has been vigilant in promoting the cooperation between border organizations in order to assist the TCU in controlling the borders.24 The Unit excessively compiles data for intelligence risk assessments throughout the year. It supports a Case Management Intelligence System (CMIS), whereby germane(predicate) information from the Police Department, Immigration Department, Local Government Authorities, Financial Intelligence Unit, and other Law Enforcement Agencies24 are automatically linked in the system. A number of cases which the TCU have been investigating include a Tongan syndicate smuggling drugs from Fiji to Tonga.In a recent example of program cooperation a number of TCU surveillance targets were arrested during a Police roadwayblock in Sigatoka (personal communication, FIRCA, 2008). Domestic Issues Cannabis is by far the most common and widespread illicit drug used in Fiji. 11 Like many other countries in the region, anecdotal licence s uggests there has been a considerable increase in drug use among young people4 despite the relatively small increase suggested by the 2004 NSAAC study (see table 1). However, it is not clear if the 2 studies they reported were directly comparable.Data collected by the St Giles Hospital and the Fijian Police Department support the view there has been an increase in use. Admissions data for St Giles Hospital reports on cannabis induced psychosis and other disorders. In 1987, ? ve young men were admitted to St Giles Hospital with cannabis related rational disorders. In 1988, the number rise to ? fteen with many more unreported cases. 26 The 2005 hospital data revealed that a total of 612 patients were seen at outpatients division diagnosed with a substance sophisticate disorder.These included 386 (63%) patients for marijuana, 59 (10%) alcohol, 99 (16%) kava and 99 (16%) tobacco use issues. In 2006, 272 admissions to St Giles Hospital were reported as drug related, consisting of 66 % Fijians, 20% Indo-Fijian and 14% belong to other ethnic groups. It is probable that the political troubles in 2006 impacted on the number of admissions, but no data were available to con? rm or reject this view. Police arrest data report possession (see confuse 2).8,13,26 Statistics provided by Fiji Police showed 259 drugrelated crimes were committed in 2008. There was a 21 per cent drop from 2007 which had 329 drug-related 167 REVIEW PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 crimes. 27 There are also reports of increasing cannabis cultivation as a form of inter-seasonal cash crop substitution among farmers. It is estimated that Fiji has between 500 to 1000 cannabis producers, some(a) of them citing the countrys worsening economy as the inducing for production (personal communication, Police Drug Unit, November 2008).For generations, the villagers of Navosa have travelled for hours across rugged terrain to reach a road to the market to sell their produce with no guarante e their produce will be sold. Facing the same hardships as their ancestors, many of these villagers report having no choice but to resort to marijuana growing because The product is lighter, it has a steady market and is economically viable (Personal communication with growers, December, 2008). Production is predominantly for local consumption. Table 2 Recent Crime Data ( Drug offences recorded by the Fiji Police Forces from 2000 to 2006).Year Drug offences 2001 433 2002 417 2003 417 2004 312 2005 312 2006 333 The Save the Children Fund in Fiji reports that the continuing political and economic instability in the country has also led to a lot more children working as drug traf? ckers or prostitutes. 28 Concern over the increasing number of children involved in drug traf? cking was sparked by the recent arrest of three schoolhouse children caught selling drugs in an amusement centre in Labasa. The Fiji Womens Crisis Centre reported an increase in young Indo-Fijian girls working as p rostitutes in urban centres.Furthermore, the National Manager for Save the Children Fund in Fiji, says there is a growing trend among poor families to send their children out onto the streets. 28 Drug and alcohol legislation and policy According to the literature, there is no regional-based illicit drug policy for the Paci? c and few treatment programs. 20,29 Information from the Paci? c Island Forum Secretariat (PIFS) indicates that Fijis Illicit Drugs Control Act is an rendering of the Regional Model Law on the Control of Illicit Drugs which was developed by the Secretariat.There was no formal committee, but it was endorsed by a Cabinet sub-Committee on legislation which was chaired by the then Attorney-General. both the Fijian Government and PIFS are advocating for a regional legislative framework to respond to the increase in illicit drugs in the region (personal communication, PIFS, 2008). Amphetamines are a key drug of concern with the regions geographical vulnerability highl ighted as a key factor in the rationale for this approach. At the time of writing, Kiribati and Fiji are the only two PIFS member countries to have adapted and enacted the model law.Furthermore, a Code of hold has been developed by PIFS to assist stakeholders such as law enforcement agencies and pharmacies to classify, register and dispose of illicit drugs (personal communication, PIFS, 2008). It may be adapted by Forum member countries with modi? cations to suit national legal and administrative arrangements. legislative control on the consumption and sale of alcohol to minors has not been widely and effectively implemented. While minors are legally barred from consuming alcohol, the sale of alcohol beverages to under-age drinkers is common throughout the country.11 For the minor who is unable to gain access to commercial alcohol beverages, homebrew is an easily obtained alternative. Anecdotal order suggests that minors make up a large and undetected percentage of consumers of al cohol beverages. 168 PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 REVIEW Sexually Transmitted Infections Sexually Transmitted Infections, including HIV, are emerging public health problems in Fiji. 13 A recent WHO report indicated that the rise in the number of HIV cases, in addition to increasing number of patients accessing STI clinics, in an ongoing concern.In 2006, MOH statistics indicated30 that Fijians comprised 83% of con? rmed HIV diagnoses, Indo-Fijian 13% and others 4%. Since 2004, Fijian males had replaced females as having the highest number of cases. Overall, males comprised 59% and heterosexual transmittal accounted for 85% of all cases. By the end of 2004 a total of 182 HIV infections had been reported in Fiji13 and the number of new cases reported each year has increase for the last ? ve years. In Fiji, reported cases of syphilis and eruption have ? uctuated between 1998 and 2004. In 2004 there were 852 reports of syphilis and 1182 gonorrhea.The number of cas es reported for 2008 were 1004 for syphilis, 1064 gonorrhea and 283 HIV cases. 27 Recent statistics from Fijis Health Ministry on Sexually Transmitted Infections are a cause for concern with the high rate of STIs among people aged 20 to 29 increasing the risk for HIV infection. 31,32 Fijis Director of Public Health notes that statistics gathered over the past eight years by the Ministry show that gonorrhoea and syphilis are the most frequently reported STIs in the country, which highlights the underlying concern of grave sexual behaviour among young people and the same high-risk behaviour for the transmission of HIV. He also said that sex is serious business and that anyone, especially young people, who participates does so at their risk, in view of the sad consequences of infection from so many STIs including HIV, pelvic in? ammatory disease and infertility. 32 Risk/ protecting(prenominal) Factors Some religious groups in Fiji, such as Islam, strictly forbid the use of alcohol. Ch ristian denominations such as the Assemblies of God, Jehovahs Witnesses and the Seventh Day Adventist Mission also prohibit the consumption of alcohol. private members of these religious groups vary in the degree to which they adhere to these principles.Any negative effects of combining tobacco or alcohol with kava use are currently conjecture, with relatively little work through to explore the nature of the relationship between these substances in the Paci? c. 1,6,9,26,33 However, anecdotal evidence suggests an inter-relationship exists with social and health consequences. 1, 4-6, 9, 13, 26, 33, 34 Reports of kava drinking followed by a beer chaser, known as washdown, are not uncommon and suggests the need for gain ground exploration of potentially harmful consumption patterns. Excessive drinking, drinking overly frequently and too much, often re?ects the drinking pro? le of the majority of young people in countries like Fiji. 5, 11, 14 Excessive drinking is reported as a signi? cant contributor to motor vehicle accidents, violence and aggressive behaviour, unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and criminal activities. 3, 14, 15, 18, 26 It has been suggested that the alcohol consumption pattern of young Indigenous Fijian males follows the traditional kava ritual of drinking until there is nothing odd in the kava bowl. In many instances, young people often end their kava drinking session by consuming alcohol (wash down).3, 5 It is reported that most youths drink excessively to manage their problems, but it may result in new problems like unsafe sex, crime and violence and even suicide. 5, 14, 15, 34, 35 A study in Fiji10, 11 revealed that alcohol was a factor in 58% of all homicide between 1982 and 1992 and approximately 80% of the crime in the country is alcohol-related. 10, 18 169 REVIEW PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO.1 Furthermore, the effects of alcohol on the physical, mental and social health of Fijis citizens have in recent years been the subject of considerable concern amongst health-care professionals and social scientists, as well as the ordinary citizens. 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 23, 26, 33 At present there is suf? cient evidence from a variety of research ? ndings1, 6, 10, 11, 34 to suggest that the heavy consumption of alcohol contributes other health problems in Fiji, such as diabetes, heart problems, obesity and hypertension. Among the social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption in the country,10, 11 violent crime, domestic violence, and road fatalities have been identi? ed as the most serious.8, 23, 34 While alcohol and home brew drinking are more common, marijuana cultivation, sales and distribution has buzz off pervasive in some Paci? c Island countries. It has been seen as a good source of income. A further emerging substance abuse issue is glue snif? ng among school age children, mostly in their early teens. In addition, unemployment in youths is a major problem in the Paci? c. In Fiji it has been estimated that out of most 10,000 youths seeking employment, only 1500 can be employed. 2, 3, 13 Studies and observations in some urban areas of Paci?c countries point to an increasing numbers of people between the ages of 15-19 engaging in commercial sex worker with some aged even younger. 2, 3, 11, 15, 35, 36 Conclusions There is a range of evidence and data suggesting the potential for increased risk of HIV infection associated with substance use in Fiji, but there is a need to explore this issue further with social behavioural and qualitative research. While harmful substance use patterns and sexual health risk factors are increasingly reported, there is little current analysis regarding the fundamental interaction of the two.Of particular concern is the current environment of rapidly changing substance use patterns with little in the way of structural responses to protect the people of Fiji from the range of social and health-related harms. In addition, dif? cult economic conditions and the unmistakable bene? ts of cannabis growing and distribution (and potential for amphetamine production) lend urgency to the need to investigate these issues further and to develop viable interventions that are informed by robust data and research information. References 1. Goundar R, Kava consumption and its health effects.Journal of Community Health and Clinical Medicine for the Paci? c 2006. 13(3) p. 131-5. 2. Plange, N. K. , Social Aspects of Drug and Alcohol Abuse An overview of the situation in Fiji. Fiji medical examination Journal, 1991. 17(3) p. 5-12. 3. Plange, N. K. , Alcoholism and Crime among Urban Youth in Fiji. 1991, University of the sulphur Paci? c. 4. UNICEF. , Substance use among adolescents in Fiji A surveillance Report from the Fiji Global Tobacco Survey. 1999. 5. Rokosawa, M. Alcohol problems in Fiji. 1986 cited. 6. Moulds RFW, M. J. , Kava herbal panacea or liver poison?For Debate. Medical Journal of Australia, 2003(178) p. 451 -3. 7. Morrison F, H. F. , Gaylord J, Leigh B, Rainey D. , Adolescent drinking and sex ? ndings from a daily diary study. Perspective on Sexual Reproductive Health, 2003. 35(4) p. 162-8. 8. Adinkrah, M. , Homicide-Suicides in Fiji offense patterns, situational factors & socio-cultural contexts. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 2003. 33 p. 65-73. 170 PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 REVIEW 9. Kava, R. , The adverse effects of Kava. Paci? c Health Dialog, 2001. 8 p. 115-18. 10. Adinkrah, M., Violent encounters A study of homicide patterns in Fiji society.1996, Fiji Council of Social Services. Suva, Fiji. 11. Adinkrah, M. , Crime, deviance & delinquency in Fiji. 1995, Suva, Fiji Fiji Council of Social Services. 12. Plange, N. K. , Social aspects of drug and alcohol abuse An overview of the situation in Fiji. Fiji Medical Journal, 1991. 17(3) p. 4-12. 13. WHO, National Workshop on Alcohol Related Problems in Fiji. 1986. 14. Naiveli, B. , Alcohol and Crime. 1986, Royal Fiji Police. p. 34,35 15. Kippax, D. D. , The Genesis of Alcohol -Related Problems. 1986, Fiji School of Medicine. p. 24-28.16. Na tabili kavoro The place of alcohol in the lives of Fijian people living in Aotearoa New Zealand. ALAC Research Monograph series No. 4. Wellington, Sector Analysis, Ministry of Health for the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, 1997. 17. Alcohol per capita consumption, patterns of drinking and abstention worldwide after 1995. Appendix 2. European Addiction Research, 2001. 7(3) p. 155-157. 18. http//www. who. int/substance_abuse/publications/en/? ji. pdf, WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004 Geneva. 19.Recommendations for policy to support health promotion. A report to the Minister of Health., N. C. f. H. Promotion, Editor. March 1998. 20. Devanney M, R. G. , Baldwin S, Crofts N, Power, R, Illicit drug use and responses in six Paci? c Island countries. Drug and Alcohol Review, 2006. 25 p. 387-900. 21. Drug Enforcement Administration Intelli gence Division, Drugs Intelligence Brief the paci? c islands region, v. Alexandra, Editor. 2004, Drug Enforcement Administration. 22. United States Of? ce on Drugs & Crime, Paci? c Islands UNODC Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci? c. 2003. 23. Ratinisiva M, Drug Traf? cking, Prevention and Control in Fiji. Fiji Medical Journal, 1991.17(3) p. 5-12. 24. Fiji Islands Revenue and Customs Authority, Annual Report. 2006. p. 17. 25. Louisa, C. , Paci? c ripe for drug ring boom, in NZ Herald. 2004 Auckland. 26. Abusah, P. Y. , The Drug gibe in Fiji. Fiji Medical Journal, 1991. 17(3) p. 21-25. 27. http//www. stats? ji. gov. fj/Key%20Stats/Miscellaneous/15. 7%20crime%20cases%20recorded. pdf. 2008. 28. http//tvnz. co. nz/view/page/425822/37544, More Fijian youth in drugs, prostitution 2001. 29. Illicit Drugs Control Bill Draft. Fiji Paci? c Islands Forum Secretariat. 2002. 30.Ministry of Health, Annual Report organisation Fijis Health.2007. 31. http//www. health. gov. fj/index. htm l. 2008. 32. http//www. stats? ji. gov. fj/Social/health_cdeath. htm. 2008 cited. 33. Council out to Fight Drug Abuse, in The Fiji Times. 34. Caswell, S. , Alcohol in Oceania. 1986, Alcohol Research Unit, Dept of Community Health and General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand. p. 25. 35. Kippax D, O. M. J. , Alcohol-Related Problems in Fiji. 1986, Suva Suva. 36. Ali, S. , Family Life Education. 1986, Ministry of Education. p. 36-39. 171 REVIEW PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG MARCH 201 1, VOL. 17, NO. 1 172.

JetBlue - Case Study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

JetBlue - Case Study - Coursework ExampleTo analyze the strength and stability of the sales revenue enhancement earned by the corpo dimensionn all over the years, balance analysis will be useful. and then in this case study ratio analysis is applied for evaluating the increase in nett revenue in relation to increased in operation(p) expenses.Profitability reflects the final result of business operations. (Chandra, 77). In say to identify the profitability of a company, crying(a) profit ratio analysis and net profit ratio analysis have to be undertaken. The trend in the gross profit ratio of the company over the years shows that there is an increase in its gross profit.From a loss of about $21188000 in the starting time year of 2000, JetBlue earned a gross profit rate of 8.366 % in the next year itself. This shows that the company has a high potential to overcome its financial challenges. In the year 2002, the gross profit ratio had increased to 16.528%. The half year perfo rmance of JetBlue shows a gross profit ratio of 18.07%. But by and by that in the next half year there occurred a slight decline in gross profit ratio can be seen. It is 17.32 %. The gross profit rate graph of the company shows signs of earthshaking increase.Net profit ratio analysis of JetBlue further shows that the operating performance is considerably improving. In the initial year, the company has incurred operating loss of $ 21330000. In the next year, company earned net profit of $ 38537000. The net profit ratio in the year2001 is 12.027%. In 2002, it decreased to 8.64%. During the first half of 2003, it again increased to 9.76 % and in the next half year it further increased to 11.977%. Thus, the net profit ratio of JetBlue is not nominate to be stable in nature. The ratio analysis on sales revenue shows that there is variation in the net profit of the company over the past three years. This is due to higher operating costs resulting from increased interest expenses and i ncreased taxation charges.Financial risk can be mensural from operating