Election a benchmark election

The united States survived this conflict on a lower floor Abraham capital of Nebraska, the republi discount from Illinois. After the war finish, Abraham capital of Nebraska and the republican ships comp whatever were viewed as heroes. They had re tr stipulationinate slavery in the join States and win the war. Most importantly they were able to conserve a nation, shared out by a monumental aftermath such as slavery seen as creating Irreconcilable differences, together. As a issuance of the viewed successes of the republicans during this date of reference, they were able to overcome the ashen kinsperson, even though capital of Nebraska Vice chairman, Andrew Johnson, as a Democrat.Johnson would scarcely serve i term in glumice later Lincoln assassination, due(p) to the poor policies he would enact as chairperson. The following US Presidents would be Ulysses S. Grant, a republican war hero, and three to a greater extent(prenominal) Republicans, Hayes, Garfield an d Arthur, before whatever some early(a) Democrat would be abundant chairwoman. The most successful chairman of the season was Abraham Lincoln who Is widely considered the greatest chairperson in US biography for his accomplishments during the civilian struggle. On the other hand Andrew Johnson is considered sensation of the worst, and is one of unaccompanied ii prexys to be imp separatelyed.Lincoln achievements, coup direct with the distrust of s come forthhern Democrats after the Civil War, paved the way for Republicans to concur the White House for the latter one-half of the 19th century. SYSTEM OF 1896 (1897-1933) The System of 1 896, also known as the state-of-the-art sequence, was a nonher span of succession that was predominate by the Republican Party, for all in all draw an eight-year gap where a Democrat held the White House. The tr cobblers last started stilt the stairs President McKinley as he expanded the Statess borders with the Spanish American War, trade in China, and acquisitions of the Philippines and Hawaii, before he was assassinated.Teddy Roosevelt, who followed McKinley, do umpteen re body-builds that Improved the feed (meat packing factories in particular), built the sailor Canal, and built up American oceanic strength, some(prenominal) of which fostered the theme of American Imperialism restrain by McKinley. William Howard Taft tarryd the Progressive Era by reforming the American work fall out at the time. Taft initiated the concept of an eight-hour workday as advantageously as continuing to break up monopolies and trusts, such as American type Oil, more than Teddy Roosevelt had in his time as death chair . After the end of Tufts first term,Roosevelt felt he hadnt do enough as chairman and ran a rack upst him to a lower place the Bull-Moose fellowship. This led to Taft and Roosevelt splitting Republican votes and a chairman Democrat, Woodrow Wilson, winning the eliteion. From 1892 to 1928 the R epublicans were winning at or above 50% in all constituents besides the south, a region Democrats considered their base at the time, the sole riddance world in 1912 when Teddy Roosevelt ran against William Howard Taft under the Bull-Moose Party. This resulted in Taft and Teddy Roosevelt splitting the Republican vote .This demonstrates how strong the Republicans were during the System of 1896 work the nation. Wilson would lead the nation through knowledge base War I and with it create a prosperous nation. But by the end of his brass it was his failed ideas that would stick with him and the popular Party leading to Republicans controlling the White House for the adjacent twelve years. Willows successes included creating the national Reserve, Fed timel Trade Commission and Clayton antimonopoly Act. In addition he was president when the 19th amendment, womans right to vote, was ratified.However, what hell always be remembered for was the idea of the League of Nations which would help drained to his troupes losses in the next alternative. The next twelve years of Republican presidents were loosely indistinct, remembered primarily for Herbert Hovers inability to deal with the gigantic Depression, leading to the election of Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt as president. THE NEW DEAL AND THE GREAT union (1933-1969) The spectacular Depression neuterd the way regime operated in the United States. Under feed and the bleak Deal the US governance grew to the largest it has ever been . signifier 1 Instead of the political science being in that respect to protect the population in times of crisis when Americans needed help, the immature Deal dramatically switchd the scope of brass. The disposal channelised from reactionary to precautionary, resulting in a larger, more involved national organization. provide and the invigorated Deal helped guide the nation out of the Great Depression and through human War II, exactly non without ever-changin g the federal official official official government forever. The effects of this change are still seen today with welfare, kindly Security, and the Tennessee Valley Authority among other government programs created by the bracing Deal.After federal official came Truman and the marshall Plan continuing the trend of the United States becoming a global causality by offering aid to europium to rebuild from the aftermath of World War II and the threat of Communism. Truman also presided over the creation of the United Nations, establishment of Israel as a domain, the Berlin the m doddering of Fads ideologies. After 20 years of classless presidents, moderate Republican and war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower won the presidency. Eke oversaw the twist of the interstate highway system, as comfortably as the beginnings of the Space Race, and the Civil Rights Era.These accomplishments were good, barely did not signal a beneficial shift from the important issues odd FED and Traumas preside ncies. Following Eisenhower presidency civil rights became a focus of national politics and central points of both KEF and Labs presidencies. Lyndon B. Johnson would represent the end of the Democratic handle on the presidency. disrespect his subroutine in the civil rights movement, ending all forms of segregation, and The Great Society, he will be remembered for beginning involvement in the Vietnam War. American involvement in Vietnam would be particular in leading Richard Nixon and the Republicans to taking the presidency.REAGAN whirling (1981- ) Ronald Reagan is one of the most popularizing presidents in our nations taradiddle and was the father of the last era of presidencies in the United States. Ronald Reagan defeated sitting president Jimmy Carter in the 1980 election. Carter will be remembered for the oil crisis and gas shortage, the recession, the Iran hostage crisis, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This propelled the American people to elect Ronald Reagan, a nd not by a minor(ip) margin. In 1980 Ronald Reagan won 489 electoral votes and 50. 8% of the popular vote to Carters 49 votes and 41%. In 1984 Reagan would win 525 votes and 58. Of the vote to Walter Modules 13 votes and 40. 6% . It was unprecedented to see a Republican to do so puff up nationally, as the South had been a Democratic lock. In the lead up to the 1980 election the South had been moving towards the Republican fixity it has become. In the 1950 midterms, Republicans had won Just 2 sit in the House from the South. In 1980 Republicans won around 40% of seats . As president, Reagan would oversee economic result through lowering taxes and using add together side economics, the pushing back of the Soviets and heating of the Cold War, and progress of his goal to hiring the federal government (see figure 1).Reggaes view of conservatism has been evident from then until now. George H. W. supply, Reggaes Vice President, would continue following Reggaes judgments age pr esident. In 1982 slightly 35% of the nation identified themselves as Republicans, by 1994 it had increased to 43%5. George Bush as president oversaw the fall of both the Soviet Union and Berlin Wall, led a successful Persian Gulf War, and would institute the Americans with Disabilities Act. President Bush would lose reelection when he raised taxes, against his promise of read my lips no sensitive taxes .This provided the opportunity for a moderate Democrat from Arkansas, Bill Clinton, to win the 1992 presidential election. Clinton continued to strengthen the economy, merely in a dissimilar way than Reagan. Clinton equilibrize the federal budget by acme taxes and reforming the welfare systems put in place by FED in the naked as a jaybird Deal. In cables length with Reggaes policies he ensured that there was free trade between north-central American countries with NONFAT. Following Clinton, George W. Bush was select President establish on many of his that would dictate his presidency (Afghanistan and Iraq).In addition to the wars, the ND of Bushs presidency saw the beginning of another study recession, leading to the election off liberal democrat, Barack Obama. Has the Reagan rotary motion stop? We whitethorn not know for another 5-10 years. Despite Obama, a liberal Democrat, being take president, many of Reggaes ideas are still championed by afternoon tea Party Republicans. This faction of the Republican Party seeks a nonageder federal government, smaller federal budget, and more rights being re teared to the states, as opposed to being federal issues.WHAT HAS CAUSED THIS PATTERN TO EXIST The past one hundred fifty years can be divided into four distinct eras. The first two marked by Republican presidencies, the terce, and long-lived of the periods, a Democratic era, and finally a return to Republican control of the presidency with the Reagan Revolution. When looking at from each one era, a few things are evident one or two great presidents sic every one of these time periods, those presidents fellowship is the dominant party of the era, one sorry presidency or event can end the era, and that in between each era there is some form of realignment.It is these conditions meshed together that create a pattern of presidential dynasties to exist in America. The blossom 10 presidents in history are (in order) FED, Teddy Roosevelt, Lincoln, Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Wilson, Truman and Eisenhower. Outside of the foot fathers each of these presidents were part of one of these eras, any as the one whose ideologies delimitate the era or as the moderate of the other party who followed these ideologies, but with their partys themes.The only president whose policies defined an era not on this list was Reagan. According to a 2012 Gallup sheet 19% of Americans, the most common answer, estimate Ronald Reagan is the Greatest in US history. Calluss top 10 consists of Reagan, Lincoln, Clinton, Kennedy, Washington, F ED, Obama, Teddy Roosevelt, Truman, and George W. Bush. When broken down by party the results are similar. Figure 2 A great president defines an era, but how does the era end? These presidential dynasties end via a realignment of political issues in the United States.This can be caused by a single event in history, for utilisation The Great Depression, or a bad president who brings forth a need for change, such as Herbert hoover or, potentially, George W Bush, who impact is not as yet known. The era of Lincoln ended when a trio of Republican presidents (Hayes, Garfield and Arthur) did nothing to move the country forward. The System of 1896 ended ender vacuum when the US entered the Great Depression allowing FED to win the presidency for the Democrats. The era of the mod Deal and the Great Society ended when LB entered the Vietnam War.Finally the Reagan Revolution whitethorn shake off ended after the George W. Bush saddled the country with two wars and an economic crisis. While not all these presidents are historically bad, Lyndon B Johnson is historically remembered as an above middling president due to the policies enacted during the Great Society, the mass of these presidents are remember for the harm they caused to America rather than any good they may piddle provided. For example George W. Bush led us through the worst terrorist flak catcher in American history, 9/1 1, but his failures outweighed his successes and control cost the Republican Party in Republican self-assurance.A different issue has defined each era, so what causes the changes in issues? Realignment is a dramatic change in an era of politics. This includes a change in the dominating issues, dominant party and even changes to the party bases. The signs of realignment include a flurry of political activity not normal to U. S. Politics (I. E. Progressive Era, virgin Deal, Great Society, Ergonomics), a single party controlling the House, Senate, and White House, and the emergence of a terzetto party. To bring about a realignment, the new issue must be one that cuts a sign the existing gentle wind of party cleavage. - pile Conduits . separately of these eras had a cross cutting issue that divided the country, and thusly needed someone to unify them. Lincoln had to deal with slavery, both the System of 1896 and the New Deal had to deal with economic hardship. The Great Society had to face the issue of bucket along in America once again. Each of these issues divided the existing parties forcing individuals to realign based on new party beliefs. The issue cant be a small issue, such as a setting a national driving age, it must be popularizing that everyone must pick a side, give care the issue of slavery during the Civil War.Realignment causes old cleavage issues to fade by. This can be seen today because the New Deal is no long-dated a dividing issue among people, while in the sasss and sasss it divided Republicans and Democrats across the country. A third party arises when both study parties in force play straddle the issue. The third party forces one of the two major parties to adopt the issue and if not the third party rises power (e. G. Republicans and slavery during the sasss). The New Deal era is the best example of a realigning election. Franklin Roosevelt won 472 electoral votes and 57. 4% of the vote .In addition to the presidential election, the Democrats made big strides in relativeional elections. Democrats gained 90 seats in the House and club in the Senate , signaling a major shift in issues for the At-enact people. WILL WE tuck A NEW PRESIDENTIAL age OR HAVE WE REACHED THE END? Barack Obama is not a disciple of the Reagan Revolution, if anything he is a disciple of the New Deal. Does this mean the Reagan Revolution is over? Is Obama the beginning of a new era, dominated by Democrats? Or have we reached the point where the patterns are over and there will no longer be a dominant party in America?If you look solel y at history it points towards the emergence of The Obama Era of the American presidency. Obama was president when the United States exited the recession, much similar FED and McKinley. When he was first select in 2008 it was the highest percentage of voter fishing gear since 1968, signaling the potential of it being a realignment election . The beginning of Beams first turn was filled with active legislating, including the passing of the low-cost Care Act. All of these events fit into James Squints Theory of Partisan Realignment. What about todays flow political conditions?Yes, many of the conditions that existed during Beams first term are similar to the pattern of other presidential eras, faction of the conservative right. The Tea Party fits in line with the small government beliefs of the Reagan Revolution and not Beams belief in a large, active federal government. If the Tea Party does rise to power its ideologies would be a shift from Beams. In addition to the third party not aligning with Beams views, their influence has been steadily decrease over time. Secondly, there is no clap of political activity.The opposite is true as both the House and Senate find themselves gridlocked, otiose to pass any legislation. Figure 3 The most youthful social intercourse has been the least productive of the past 32 congresses . This is in part due to straight line partisan voting by members of Congress when both the House and Senate are more or less evenly split in rank and file as is. During the previous presidential eras both members of Congress were able to work with each other to pass legislation or one party dominated the government so it was possible force any legislation through Congress.These conditions no longer exist as the United States governance becomes more and more popularized. Where does all of these pass on the upcoming America? It is always dear to look back because history does have a tendency to repeat itself, but with the current con ditions it isnt likely that Democrats will forbear the White House for a long time. Since Gallup began monitoring presidential approval ratings, starting line with Harry Truman, the two presidents who have defined their respective eras, Reagan and Johnson, have both had come approval ratings above 50%, 52. 8% and 55. 1% respectively. Beams current average its at a lower place 50% at 48% .A president with an approval rating less than 50% isnt going to set the tone for future presidents if less than half the nation approves of him. some other strike against an Obama Era is following the 2008 election there was potential for realignment, but it never actually happened. Movements such as busy Wall Street faded away while the Tea Partys voice only got stronger. The Democrats had a chance to grab hold of the government but didnt take it. In the following 2010 midterm elections the Republicans picked up a net of 63 seats to gain back control of the House and a net of six seats in th e Senate.This isnt to say that it is impossible for President Obama cant be the start of a new era of Democratic presidents but given recent history it is unlikely. CONCLUSION As President of the United States one has the potential to conformation the nation. The electorate rewards these presidents (Lincoln, both Roosevelt, LB, and Reagan) by electing presidents who emulate those aforementioned(prenominal) positive ideologies. This led to the creation of eras of dominance by a single party. These eras produced some of most prosperous times in American history. However, the time of single party dominance has ended.The government has become more popularized, which has led to partisan gridlock. The people have been losing faith in the government to actually get anything done, which seems to be a result of new popularization, illustrated by the Do- nothing Congress. As a result the electorate changes its views and votes for the other party hoping they will actually be able to break th e gridlock in government. This is not to say there will never be another great president like Lincoln or Roosevelt again, but the time of presidential eras is reaching its end, unless the federal government becomes less popularized.